Houguan was another important book-engraving area in ancient Fujian,apart from Jianyang and Sibao.Started in the Five Dynasties,Houguan book-engraving culture,with unique historical characteristics,lasted for a long time and did not decline after thousands of years,and there were still a large number of edi-tions until the end of the Qing Dynasty.With a complete engraving system,in the Song,Yuan,Ming,and Qing dynasties,official engraving,literati engraving,temple engraving and other folk engraving were all quite developed,and in the middle and late Qing Dynasty,workshop engraving also flourished.The funds for offi-cial engraving,temple engraving,and other folk engraving were sufficient,and the engraved books were often in large scale and were finely engraved.Houguan engravings played an important role in foreign cultural ex-changes.Since the Song Dynasty,Houguan engravings had been spread overseas.In the late Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming dynasty,Houguan engraving workers migrated to Japan for technical output.Ryukyu publications engraved in Fuzhou in the Qing Dynasty had been a witness to the cultural exchange between China and Ryukyu.
Houguan engravinghistorical characteristicsofficial engravingmutual exchange of civilizations
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