The defendant's"apology"is either classified as a confession out of pleading guilty,or is classified as a defense out of politeness,sympathy and other reasons.These two explanations contradict each other,but they are both used to directly prove the main facts of the case as substantive evidence;and the words and ac-tions such as apologizing,proposing reconciliation,etc.,can be used to reinforce the main evidence of the victim's suspicious statement as to an accusation of a crime,and then indirectly infer the facts of the case,but this corroborating evidence itself sometimes needs to be further reinforced or allowed to rebut,which can achieve the effect of shifting the burden of proof in procedural law.From the perspective of empirical science,inferences on the facts of the case based on evidence such as apologies,proposals for settlement,and post-remedial measures are based on the premise of probabilistic generalization,and the conclusions are plausible and rebuttable.From the perspective of value science,the use of this type of evidence also requires judges to maintain a careful balance between personal freedom and social defense on the basis of adhering to the prin-ciple of presumption of innocence and the standard of proof beyond reasonable doubts.
NETL
NSTL
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