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论二倍工资制度的限缩适用

On the Restrictive Application of the Double Wage System

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《劳动合同法》创设了用人单位未按规定订立书面劳动合同即承担二倍工资的赔偿制度.由于构成要件、归责原则、认定标准等适用规则不明确,导致该制度在适用中存在争议,也导致实践中出现用人单位规避制度适用和劳动者滥诉等现象.为此,司法机关通过对归责原则、保护模式、书面形式的重新阐释限缩二倍工资制度适用范围.未来的制度完善应当回应劳动者分层的现实,限制强势劳动者的请求权,具体路径包括:区分管制与自治的调控对象,形成集体劳动关系和个别劳动关系的体系化调整;将主观过错和损害后果纳入责任要件,增设免责事由,引入小微企业豁免制度;确立赔偿金最高为工资二倍的弹性倍数模式,并实行限高封顶制度;建立劳动者维权异常名录.
The Labor Contract Law establishes a compensation system whereby employers are liable for double wages if they fail to conclude a written labor contract in accordance with the regulations.The lack of clarity in application rules,such as constituent elements,attribution principles and recognition standards,has led to dis-putes in the application of the system,and has also led to the phenomenon of employers circumventing the appli-cation of the system and workers abusing lawsuits in practice.To this end,the judicial authorities have limited the scope of application of the system of double wages by reinterpreting the principles of attribution,the mode of protection and the written form.The future improvement of the system should respond to the reality of labor stratification and limit the right of claim of workers with aggressive personalities,and the specific paths include:differentiating between the targets of regulation and autonomy,and forming a systematic adjustment of collective labor relations and individual labor relations;incorporating subjective fault and damage consequences into the li-ability elements,adding exemptions from liability,and introducing an exemption system for small and micro-en-terprises;establishing a model of flexible multiples of up to two times the wages for the compensation and im-plementing a cap system;establishing a list of abnormal cases of worker rights protection.

double wagesa written labor contractsocial stratificationrestrictive application

涂富秀

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福建江夏学院法学院,福建福州,350108

二倍工资 书面劳动合同 社会分层 限缩适用

2024

福建江夏学院学报
福建江夏学院

福建江夏学院学报

CHSSCD
影响因子:0.179
ISSN:2095-2082
年,卷(期):2024.14(3)
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