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人脸识别技术应用的利益权衡与合法性认定

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人脸识别技术虽可提升服务质量,但也产生了技术滥用风险,部分公共场所、经营场所的管理者出于节省成本等方面的考量,在未经告知或获得同意的情况下采用人脸识别技术,对个人权益产生了不利影响。然而,在立法层面,完全禁止或完全允许技术应用均是不可取的,如何兼顾此中的个体、产业、社会公众等多方利益成为现实难题。对法律价值位阶层面的公共利益与个人利益比较与平衡并不足以为实践指明人脸识别技术应用的合法性边界,并且,以公共安全为目的在公共场所采用人脸识别技术也不能当然确认其合法性。为了弥补过往二元利益平衡的弊端,更适宜以整体性利益架构为基础进行动态权衡,剖析人脸识别技术应用对个体利益、产业利益、使用者利益以及社会公众利益的影响。尤其在《人脸识别技术应用安全管理规定(试行)(征求意见稿)》的背景下,可以将利益权衡的结果与作为立法目的的制度利益予以比较确定人脸识别技术应用的合法性,以便为司法实践提供更为明确的判断标准。
While improving the quality of services,the application of face recognition technology also leads to the risk of technical abuse.For cost-saving and other considerations,some managers of public places and business premises adopt face recognition technology without informing or obtaining consent,which adversely affects the rights and interests of indi-viduals.However,at the legislative level,it is undesirable to either completely prohibit or completely allow the application of the technology,and it has become a practical challenge to balance the interests of multiple parties,including individu-als,industries,and the public.The comparison and weighing of public and individual interests at the level of legal value hierarchy is not sufficient to indicate the boundary of legality for the application of face recognition technology in practice,and the use of face recognition technology in public places for the purpose of public security cannot be confirmed as a matter of course.In order to make up for the drawbacks of the past binary interest weighing,it is more appropriate to analyses the impact of the application of face recognition technology on individual interests,industrial interests,user interests and public interests based on the holistic interest structure.Especially in the context of the Safety Management Regulations on the Ap-plication of Face Recognition Technology(for Trial Implementation)(Draft for Public Comments),the legality of the ap-plication of face recognition technology can be determined by comparing the results of the weighing of interests with the in-terests of the system as the purpose of the legislation,so as to provide a clearer judgement criterion for judicial practice.

facial recognitionsecurity and trustworthinessprinciple of proportionalitybalancing of interestspub-lic place

赵精武

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北京航空航天大学法学院,北京 100191

人脸识别 安全可信 比例原则 利益权衡 公共场所

国家社科基金重大项目

16ZDA075

2024

法律科学-西北政法大学学报
西北政法大学

法律科学-西北政法大学学报

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:2.096
ISSN:1674-5205
年,卷(期):2024.42(1)
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