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环境污染侵权认定中合规抗辩的效力

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环境污染侵权认定中存在对合规抗辩效力认定不一致的问题,其根源在于公私法调整的不同逻辑未能得到应有的区分。立足环境立法的体系性解释,应以管制性规范公私法功能的衔接为出发点解释环境管制性规范的私法效力,避免环境管制性规范无法界定复杂利益关系的问题。首先依"保护性法律"筛选具有私法效力的环境管制性规范,再依一般注意义务对筛选后的合规行为限度与受害者利益进行权衡。保护性法律中的合规行为可以作为合规抗辩效力的前提条件,违反环境管制性规范意味着违反了法定的注意义务,既未违反环境管制性规范又未违反一般注意义务的环境污染行为才可承认合规抗辩。基于此,环境立法也需要立足规范保护的目的提升其体系化程度。
In the determination of environmental pollution infringement,there exists inconsistency in the affirmation of the validity of the compliance defense.It is rooted in the failure to distinguish the different logic of public and private law adjustments.Based on the systematic interpretation of environmental legislation,the effect of private law of environmental regulatory norms should be interpreted according to the convergence of functions of public and private law of regulatory norms,so as to avoid the problem that environmental regulatory norms cannot define complex interest relations.Firstly,en-vironmental regulatory norms with the force of private law are screened according to the protective law,and then the limits of compliance behavior after screening are weighed against the interests of victims according to the general duty of care.The compliance behavior in protective law can be the prerequisite for the effectiveness of compliance defense.The violation of environmental regulatory norms means the violation of the statutory duty of care,while the environmental pollution behavior that does not violate the environmental regulatory norms and does not violate the general duty of care can be recognized as the compliance defense.Therefore,environmental legislation also needs to improve its systematization based on the purpose of normative protection.

environmental pollution infringementregulatory compliance defenseenvironmental regulatory normsprotective lawduty of care

车东晟

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西北政法大学经济法学院,陕西西安 710063

环境污染侵权 合规抗辩 环境管制性规范 保护性法律 注意义务

国家社会科学基金

22XFX019

2024

法律科学-西北政法大学学报
西北政法大学

法律科学-西北政法大学学报

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:2.096
ISSN:1674-5205
年,卷(期):2024.42(2)
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