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证券特别代表人诉讼的制度创新与规则完善

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由于法律制度供给不足,证券代表人诉讼在我国长期处于沉寂状态。单独诉讼和共同诉讼阻碍了证券诉讼规模经济的实现,不利于投资者兴诉维权,因此需要构建更加低廉高效的群体诉讼机制。新《证券法》在唤醒明示加入的普通代表人诉讼的基础上,创设了明示退出的特别代表人诉讼制度——在适用程序上,将"退出制"内嵌于"加入制",采用单轨双行的递进模式;在进退机制上,默示成员加入群体可以降低诉讼成本,缓解集体行动困境;在发动主体上,创新引入投保机构作为诉讼代表人,提高诉讼效率与效益。但现有的证券特别代表人诉讼存在程序递进要件不明、二次退出保障不足以及投保机构权限不清等问题。为了充分发挥这一崭新制度的独特优势,需要明晰诉讼递进要件,以促进程序的顺利启动;同时赋予投资者二次退出权,以最大化保障投资者的权益;划定投保机构的权责边界,对其进行适当的监督与制约。
Due to the insufficient supply of legal system,securities representative litigation has been in a silent state for a long time in our country.Individual litigation and joint litigation hinder the realization of the scale economy of securities litigation,which is not conducive to investors'litigating and safeguarding their rights,so it is necessary to build a cheaper and more efficient group litigation mechanism.The new Securities Law,on the basis of arousing the ordinary representative action of express accession,creates the special representative action system of express withdrawal.In the application proce-dure,the"withdrawal system"is embedded in the"accession system"and adopts the single-track double-line progres-sive mode.On the mechanism of advance and retreat,implied members to join the group to reduce litigation costs and alle-viate the dilemma of collective action;In the main body,the insurance institution is innovatively introduced as the litigation representative to improve the efficiency and benefit of litigation.However,there are some problems in the existing securities special representative litigation,such as unclear procedural requirements,insufficient secondary exit protection and unclear authority of insurance institutions.In order to give full play to the unique advantages of this new system,it is necessary to clarify the requirements of litigation progression to promote the smooth start of the procedure;At the same time,investors are given the right to withdraw twice to maximize the rights and interests of investors;Finally,delineate the boundary of the authority and responsibility of insurance institutions,and carry out appropriate supervision and restriction on them.

securities representative actioninvestor protectionsingle track double linedeclare withdrawalin-sured institution

王雪羽

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西南政法大学法学院,重庆 401120

证券代表人诉讼 投资者保护 单轨双行 声明退出 投保机构

重庆市教委人文社会科学研究重点基地项目(2023)西南政法大学市场交易法律制度研究基地项目

23SKJD039

2024

法律科学-西北政法大学学报
西北政法大学

法律科学-西北政法大学学报

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:2.096
ISSN:1674-5205
年,卷(期):2024.42(3)