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论人类生殖系基因组编辑的私法规制

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在《民法典》第1009条的规制范围中,人类生殖系基因组编辑的伦理、法律问题最为复杂。本条作为对人类生殖系基因组编辑进行直接规制的唯一条款,本质上系聚焦义务施加的框架性条款,仅是"新条文"而非"新规则",但有"新意义"。为在私法领域实现对前沿生命科技的国家治理政策目标,其对人类生殖系基因组编辑技术应用发出禁令,并采取了风险、伦理与利益三个虽不充分但却务实的规制路径,展示出谨慎、包容、谦抑的规制立场。本条因包含转介条款而具有法源指引和拓展之功能,借助将有关管制法条款的规范位阶提升,可形成一个有关人类生殖系基因组编辑的公法、私法交融的动态规制体系。本条因其一般条款的性质而存在着适用上的风险和负担,需经具体化之司法作业才能发挥应有的规范力,故不能过高评价其法价值和法效果。本条尚需在法的外在体系、内在体系上予以立法改进和法理阐释,才能真正实现规范目的,在人类生殖系基因组编辑法律规制中彰显以人之尊严为价值内核的基因正义。
In the scope of regulation of Article 1009 of the Civil Code,the ethical and legal issues of human germline genome editing are the most complicated.This article,as the only provision to directly regulate HGGE,is essentially a framework provision that focuses on obligations,and is only a"new provision"rather than a"new rule",but has"new sig-nificance".In order to achieve the national governance policy goal of frontier life science and technology in the field of pri-vate law,it issued a ban on the application of HGGE,and adopted three inadequate but pragmatic regulatory paths of risk,ethics and interests,showing a cautious,inclusive and modest regulatory stance.Due to the inclusion of referral provisions,this article can guide and expand the source of law,and with the potential of legal system construction to raise the level of regulatory provisions,a dynamic regulatory system can be formed with the integration of public law and private law on HGGE.Due to the nature of its general provisions,this article has risks and burdens in application.Only through specific judicial operations can it exert its normative force,so that its legal value and legal effect cannot be overestimated.This arti-cle still needs legislative improvement and legal explanation in the external system and internal system,so as to truly a-chieve the normative purpose and highlight the gene justice with human dignity as the core value in the legal regulation of HGGE.

human germline genome editinghuman dignitygenetic justice

王康

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上海政法学院法律学院,上海 201701

人类生殖系基因组编辑 人之尊严 基因正义

国家社科基金后期资助项目

19FFXB043

2024

法律科学-西北政法大学学报
西北政法大学

法律科学-西北政法大学学报

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:2.096
ISSN:1674-5205
年,卷(期):2024.42(5)
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