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论气候累积犯的刑法规制

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气候安全具有独立的集体法益属性。累积犯是以特定的累积危险行为作为构成要件的犯罪类型,单一行为并不具有法益侵害危险,只有在大量累积之后才能产生现实危害。累积犯是特殊的抽象危险犯,构成犯罪不要求行为与法益侵害危险之间具备现实的因果关系,而是要求具有潜在危险,属于间接的危险犯。在预防刑法观念下,对累积危险行为有必要提前予以刑事处罚,这样既符合法益保护主义,也无损罪责自负原则。气候累积犯即非法排放温室气体(碳排放)的累积危险行为,有必要将其纳入污染环境罪的刑法规制范围。碳排放行为具有累积危险性,需要运用疫学因果关系论来判断其具备气候变化累积效应的可能性;根据要素分析法,气候累积犯的罪过形式包括故意和过失。刑法对于气候累积犯的入罪门槛须予以限定,对污染环境罪的兜底条款须限制解释。从刑行责任衔接角度,并非所有的气候累积危险行为都要追究刑事责任,认定气候累积犯须依据相关行政性标准;如果碳排放量没有达到临界值,只能对行为人作出行政处罚。
Climate security has independent collective legal interests.Accumulated crime is a type of crime that re-quires specific cumulative dangerous behaviors as constituent elements,and belongs to special abstract dangerous crimes and indirect dangerous crimes.Under the concept of preventive criminal law,it is necessary to impose criminal penalties in advance for cumulative dangerous acts.The climate accumulation crime refers to the cumulative dangerous behavior of ille-gally emitting greenhouse gases(carbon emissions),and it is also necessary to include it in the scope of criminal law regu-lation of environmental pollution crimes.Only a small part of this crime belongs to the type of cumulative crime.Carbon e-mission behavior has cumulative hazards and requires the use of causal relationships in epidemiology to prove the possibility of judging its cumulative effects on climate change;According to the element analysis method,the forms of fault for climate accumulation crimes include intent and negligence.The criminal law should strictly limit the threshold for climate accumu-lation offenses and provide limited interpretation for the fallback clause of environmental pollution crimes.From the per-spective of criminal liability linkage,the determination of climate accumulating offenders needs to refer to relevant adminis-trative standards.

climate securitycollective legal interestsabstract risk crimeclimate accumulation crimeenvironmental pollution crime

张勇

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华东政法大学刑事法学院,上海 200042

气候安全 集体法益 抽象危险犯 气候累积犯 污染环境罪

国家社科基金项目

23BFX116

2024

法律科学-西北政法大学学报
西北政法大学

法律科学-西北政法大学学报

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:2.096
ISSN:1674-5205
年,卷(期):2024.42(5)
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