The representations of the parties to a civil litigation are divided into claim-related representations and evi-dence-related representations,where there are significant differences between them in terms of functions and nature.Simi-larly,the misrepresentations of the parties are also divided into claim-related misrepresentations and evidence-related representations.In Chinese civil litigations,the principle of good faith offers a macro basis and guidance for the regulation of misrepresentations.The specific regulations of misrepresentations should be based on the above classification.For claim-related misrepresentations,in principle,unfavorable evaluation of the evidence should be made,etc.,and for evidence-related misrepresentations,fines for falsification of important evidence can be imposed in accordance with Article 114 of the Civil Procedure Law.Where claim-related misrepresentations involve false litigation or falsification of evidence,the penalties may be imposed as per the provisions on false litigation or falsification of evidence.
civil litigationmisrepresentations of a partyclaim-related representationsevidence-related represen-tationslitigation fines
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