Objective To explore the clinical significance of changes on serum IL-2, IL-8, IL-18 and VEGF levels after treatment in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods Serum IL-2, IL-8 (with RIA); serum IL-18, VEGF (with ELIBA) levels were detected in 33 patients with acute cerebral infarction both before and after treatment, as well as in 35 normal healthy controls. Re-Sults Before treatment, the serum IL-8, IL-18, and VEGF levels in the patients proved significantly higher than those in controls(P <0.01), but serum IL-2 levels showed significantly lower (P<0.01) after 3 months treatment the levels though corrected markedly, remained significant difference from those in controls (P<0.05). Serum IL-2 levels were negatively correlated with serum IL-8, IL-18, and VEGF levels(r=-0.4218,-0.4726,-0.5014,P<0.01). Conclusion Changes of serum IL-2, IL-8, IL-18 and VEGF levels might be closely related to the development and progress of acute cerebral infarction.