Advances in Electromembrane Extraction of Drugs-of-abuse from Biological Samples
Electromembrane extraction(EME)isa green and efficient microextraction technique,which has been widely applied in all kinds of fields including food analysis,environmental analysis and forensic toxicological analysis in recent years due to the advantages of high selectivity,sufficient sample clean-up capability,and simple in operation.This review summarized the research progress in EME for the separation of drugs-of-abuse over the past five years,with a particular emphasis on its application in extracting and enriching abused drugs from various biological matrices,and paid spe-cial attention to the separation performance of EME for illicit drugs,new psychoactive substances(NPS),and addictive pharmaceuticals.Furthermore,this review also examined the challenges faced by EME in its routine application within the field of forensic science and provided a prospective outlook on the future development directions of EME.