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挑战形式法治:形式法治的命题展开及其内在困境

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形式法治包含一组敏感于"组织性原理"的形式合法性原则.形式法治的独特主张由"一个组织原理,两个核心命题"构成:各项合法性原则服务于确保"法律应当能够指引行动"这个组织性原理,这意味着:一方面形式法治放弃了对实质价值目标的承诺和限制(目标悬置命题),但另一方面,形式法治必然承诺的是法律对所有人的权威性指引和评价(权威之治命题).由于放弃了对法律服务于何种目标的限制,形式法治面临着服务于错误或邪恶目标的风险,这严重威胁到"形式法治作为一种道德理想"的地位.形式法治所面临的内在困境是,形式法治所承诺的权威之治,无法确立法治与个人自治和尊严等价值之间的必然联系,因此无法保证法治具有一种"独立于目标"的道德价值,也始终无法消除法治被滥用的道德缺陷.于是,仅仅遵守形式法治条件并不是一种有效的道德理想,形式法治理论走向失败.
Challenging the Formal Conception of Rule of Law:theses of the Formal Conception of Rule of Law and its inherent di-lemmas
The Formal Conception of Rule of Law(FCRL)consists of a set of formal principles of legality that are sensitive to the"organizing rationale".The unique proposition of FCRL consists of"one organizing rational and two core theses":the principles of legality serve the organizing rationale of ensuring that"the law should be able to guide people's action",which means that,on the one hand,FCRL abandons commitment to and limitation of substantive valuable goals("Goal Suspension Thesis"),but on the other hand,FCRL necessarily promises authoritative guidance and evaluation of law for all("Ruling of Authority Thesis").By abandoning restrictions on what goals the law serves,FCRL runs the risk of serving wrong or evil goals,which seriously threat-ens its moral status.The authoritative ruling promised by the formal rule of law fails to establish a necessary connection between the rule of law and some values such as individual autonomy and dignity,and therefore fails to ensure that the rule of law has a moral value which is goal-independent and always fails to eliminate the moral defects of its abuse.Thus,mere compliance with the conditions of the Formal Conception of Rule of Law is not a valid moral ideal,and the theory fails.

formal conception of the rule of lawmoral idealorganizing rationalautonomy

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湖南大学法学院,湖南长沙 410082

形式法治 道德理想 组织性原理 自治

2024

法学论坛
山东省法学会

法学论坛

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:1.873
ISSN:1009-8003
年,卷(期):2024.39(6)