Inorganic gunshot residues determination and method comparison based on scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Two instrumentation techniques including scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM/EDS)and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)were used for the identification and detection of inorganic gunshot residue(IGSR)resulted from the discharge of Type 77 pistols.The IGSR testing results were furtherly compared and analyzed.The results indicated that SEM/EDS can verify the microscopic imaging and characterization results of the IGSR particles generated by ICP-MS.Nevertheless,IGSR particle carriers and counting rules would have great impacts on the SEM/EDS output.As opposed to SEM/EDS,ICP-MS was less likely impacted by the composition of IGSR particle carriers and was able to provide relatively accurate and reliable quantification.Hence,ICP-MS could be a useful supplement to SEM/EDS in IGSR testing,and could be applied to the onsite inspection of GSR distribution pattern.Therefore,a combination of SEM/EDS and ICP-MS techniques in IGSR testing could help improve the efficiency and reliability of subsequent data analysis,facilitating a reasonable and rational interpretation of the IGSR testing results.
scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopyinductively coupled plasma mass spectrometryinorganic gunshot residuemethod comparative
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