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信赖作为受贿犯罪的保护法益

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保护法益是受贿犯罪研究中的核心论题之一.廉洁性说的通说地位瓦解后,客观进路的公正性说、不可收买性说、不可谋私利性说成为有力观点,但也面临外延不周等问题.主观进路的信赖法益说,主要因其内涵模糊而受到质疑,但上述质疑可以得到解释与回应.在认识论上,通过明确受贿犯罪信赖法益的国家法益属性、感情法益属性、部分可恢复性法益属性,对其内涵进行必要填充,更能揭示受贿犯罪危害国家政治合法性的本质特征.在方法论上,对于"利用职务上的便利",应重点审查危害行为与信赖法益之间是否具有职权关联;对于"非法收受他人财物""为他人谋取利益",则应分别审查危害行为是否对廉洁性和公正性的信赖法益造成侵害,从而使保护法益与构成要件保持协调一致.在实践论上,针对受贿案件办理中的部分疑难问题,信赖法益说的审查方式,可以兼顾形式判断与实质判断,实现惩罚犯罪与保障人权的有机统一.
Protection of legal interest is a core issue in the research on bribery crime.After the integrity theory on the protection of legal interests of bribery crime lost its dominance in the academic circle,the-ories of fairness,incorruptibility,and unselfishness,all of which take the objective perspective,have gained powerful positions,but are faced with multiple problems,such as inadequate extension.The the-ory of trust legal interest,which takes a subjective perspective,has been questioned due to its abstract-ness.However,such abstractness can be explained.Epistemologically,the essential characteristic of the bribery crime,which infringes on the political legitimacy of the state,can be better revealed by clar-ifying the national,emotional,and recoverable properties of trust legal interest to make necessary sup-plements to their connotations.Methodologically,the investigation into"taking advantage of his office"should focus on whether there is a functionary connection between the harmful act and the trust legal in-terest,while"illegally accepting others'money or other forms of property"and"as a price of providing benefits"should be investigated to determine whether it damages citizens'trust in the integrity and im-partiality of the government so that the protection of legal interests can be harmonized with constituent el-ements.Regarding the practical application of the theory of trust legal interest to address complex issues in handling bribery crimes,both formal and substantive judgments can be considered through a thorough investigation to realize the organic unity of the punishment of crimes and the protection of human rights.

bribery crimelegal interesttrust legal interest

金鸿浩

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北京化工大学马克思主义学院

受贿犯罪 保护法益 信赖法益

最高人民检察院检察理论研究课题

GJ2023C16

2024

法学研究
中国社会科学院法学研究所

法学研究

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:4.419
ISSN:1002-896X
年,卷(期):2024.46(1)
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