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NFT智能合约物权凭证属性探析

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智能合约的法律属性至今仍无定论,其名称中虽有"合约"二字,但并不一定属于法律意义上的合约。作为区块链中的一项技术,智能合约具有不同的法律形态,应该根据其技术所服务的对象而判断其法律属性。在多样化的法律形态当中,智能合约的物权凭证属性通常为人所忽略。智能合约的物权凭证属性,典型体现于NFT产品当中。对于NFT,人们更多从知识产权角度加以保护,而往往忽略了它作为不可替代的、具有稀缺性的财产的特性。如果将NFT定位于一项财产或者物,NFT智能合约就是NFT这一财产的物权凭证,这能够凸显NFT产品的唯一性、稀缺性以及由此产生的财产价值。将NFT智能合约定性为物权凭证具有法律上的重要意义,只有通过智能合约这一物权凭证,NFT作为物的认定、交易和后续权利的保障才能得以实现。
An Analysis of the Property Rights Certificate Attribute of Smart Contracts:A Case Study of NFT Smart Contracts
The legal attributes of smart contracts remains undetermined.Although there is the word"contract"in its name,it does not necessarily imply a contract in the legal sense.As a technology within blockchain,smart contracts have different legal forms,and their legal attributes should be determined based on the objects they serve.Among its various legal forms,the attrib-ute of property rights certificate of smart contracts is often overlooked.This property rights certifi-cate attribute is typically reflected in NFT products.NFTs,as non-fungible tokens,are more often protected from the perspective of intellectual property,while their characteristics as irre-placeable and scarce properties are frequently ignored.The NFT smart contract,as the technical carrier of NFTs,should establish its attribute as a property rights certificate,thereby providing legal protection for NFTs from both property and intellectual property perspectives.

NFTsmart contractsthe property rights certificate attributeintellectual prop-erty

张婉婷

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首都师范大学政法学院 北京 100048

NFT 智能合约 物权凭证 知识产权

2025

法学杂志
北京市法学会

法学杂志

北大核心
影响因子:1.402
ISSN:1001-618X
年,卷(期):2025.46(1)