Advances and applications in spatial transcriptomics
Spatial transcriptomics is an organizational study done on tissue sections that preserves the spa-tial information of the sample.Spatial transcriptomics aims to combine spatial information with gene ex-pression data to quantify the mRNA expression of a large number of genes in the spatial context of tissues and cells.As a paradigm shift in biological research,spatial transcriptomics can provide both spatial loca-tion information and transcriptome-level cellular gene expression data,elucidating the interactions between cells and the microenvironment.From the understanding of the entire functional life cycle of RNA to the characterization of molecular mechanisms to the mapping of gene expression in various tissue regions,by choosing the appropriate spatial transcriptome technology,researchers can achieve a deeper exploration of biological developmental processes,disease pathogenesis,etc.In recent years,the field of spatial tran-scriptomics has ushered in several challenges along with its rapid development,such as the dependence on sample types,the resolution of visualized genes,the difficulty of commercialization,and the ability to ob-tain detailed single-cell information.In this paper,we summarize and review the four major categories of spatial transcriptome technologies and compare and analyze the technical advantages and major challenges of multiple research strategies to assist current experimental design and research analysis.Finally,the im-portance of spatial transcriptomics in the integration of multi-omics analysis and disease modeling as well as the future development prospects are summarized and outlined.
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