摘要
我国畜禽粪便、农作物秸秆等产量增加使得农业发展和生态环境面临严峻挑战.堆肥是将畜禽粪便、农作物秸秆资源化、无害化、低碳化利用的有效途径,而传统堆肥技术存在堆肥进程缓慢、养分损失较大、有害气体排放较多等问题,因此,在实践中,常添加外源物质来提高堆肥效率.腐植酸因其结构中含有羧基、羟基、甲氧基、胺基、羰基等多种活性官能团,使其具有吸附、络(螯)合、离子交换等作用而被应用于畜禽粪便、农作物秸秆堆肥.本文从腐植酸降低氮素损失、钝化重金属、调控堆肥温度和pH、促进堆肥腐殖化、提高抗生素抗性基因去除效率等 5 个方面总结了腐植酸在畜禽粪便、农作物秸秆等堆肥中的作用效果,并总结了腐植酸对畜禽粪便、农作物秸秆堆肥的主要作用表现,以期为腐植酸在堆肥中的应用提供参考.
Abstract
The increase of livestock manure and/or crop straw production in our country poses serious challenges to agricultural development and ecological environment.Composting is an effective way to resource,harmless,and low-carbon livestock manure and/or crop straw.However,traditional composting technology has problems such as slow composting process,significant nutrient loss,and excessive emission of harmful gases.Therefore,in practice,external substances are often added to improve composting efficiency.Humic acid is used in livestock manure and/or crop straw composting due to its structure containing various active functional groups such as carboxyl,hydroxyl,methoxy,amino,carbonyl,etc.,which enable it to have adsorption,complexation,chelation,ion exchange and other functions.In this paper,the effects of humic acid on composting of livestock manure and/or crop straw were summarized from five aspects:reducing nitrogen loss,passivating heavy metals,accelerating composting process,promoting composting humification,and improving the removal efficiency of antibiotic resistance genes.The main effects of humic acid on composting of livestock manure and/or crop straw were summarized,in order to provide reference for the application of humic acid in composting.
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