Selection and Validation of Reference Genes of Averrhoa carambola by Quantitative Real-time PCR
The starfruit(Averrhoa carambola)has high nutritional,medicinal and ornamental value,but the basic research on functional genomics is still lacking.To carry out research on the expression analysis of related func-tional genes in starfruit,it is necessary to select suitable reference genes to reduce the deviation of experimental results.However,there is no report on the screening of reference genes of starfruit.In this study,seven house-keeping genes,α-TUB,β-TUB,Actin,UBQ,UBC4,EF1α and H2B,were selected as candidate reference genes based on the starfruit genome and transcriptome data of starfruit leaves,inflorescence buds and leaf buds.The expression of seven candidate reference genes were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR in different tissues such as mature leaves,stems,fruits,inflorescence buds,leaf buds,and inflorescence of different stages of starfruit,and the stability of them were analyzed by geNorm,NormFinder,and BestKeeper programs.The results showed thatα-TUB and β-TUB had the best stability in different organs of starfruit,β-TUB and UBC4 had the best stability in inflorescence of different developmental stages of starfruit.In addition,by analyzing the expression patterns of the flowering gene AP1(APETALA1)and the flowering inhibitor TFL1(TERMINAL FLOWER 1),the reliability of the screening results of reference genes was further verified.The stable reference genes screened in this study laid the foundation for future research on the related functional gene expression of starfruit.