Research Progress on Apoplasts Participating in the Response Mechanism of Heavy Metal Stress
Apoplasts are the extracellular structures of plant cells,mainly composed of cell walls and intercellular spaces,which play an important role in the process of plant cell nutrient transportation,structural support,and defense against biological and abiotic stresses.Soil heavy metal pollution is a worldwide environmental problem,which seriously endangers ecological security and human health.Plants have a certain enrichment effect on heavy metals to improve soil pollution.To explore the role of apoplasts in the response to heavy metal stress in plants,this review focuses on the roles of apoplastic cell wall components(polysaccharides,lignin,and proteins),apoplastic ROS production,apoplastic enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems in response to heavy metal stress in plants,in order to give a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance.
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