Identification and Expression Analysis of Low Temperature Response ERF Genes in Maize
ERF transcription factors play an important role in plant development and abiotic stress response.In maize,although studies on ERF family genes in response to salt and drought stress have been reported,the response of ERF family genes to low temperature stress has not been identified at the whole genome level.In this study,high-throughput measurement technology Illumina Hiseq was used to construct maize leaf tissue transcriptome at 5℃ and 22 ℃,respectively.From the transcriptome data,57 low-temperature response ZmERFs were screened,including 53 up-regulated ZmERFs and 4 down-regulated ZmERFs.The expression patterns of different ZmERFs at different tissue sites and developmental stages vary greatly.Conservative motif analysis result showed that there are twenty conserved motifs in ZmERFs.EAR motif was found in members of B1 group,and LWSY motif was found in members of A1,A5 and B2 groups.Analysis of promoter showed that many stress related elements such as ABRE,ARE,LTR and MBS are highly enriched in the promoters of low temperature response ZmERFs.The RT-qPCR results further showed that GRMZM2G544539 gene and GRMZM2G040664 gene could be induced by low temperature,salt and drought stress at the same time,and GRMZM2G434203 could be induced by low temperature and drought stress at the same time,suggesting that ERF transcription factors could participate in multiple abiotic stress responses including low temperature.The expression pattern of GRMZM2G544539 gene containing seven ABRE elements in the promoter was very similar under ABA and low temperature treatment,suggesting that the low temperature response mediated by GRMZM2G544539 may be dependent on ABA signaling pathway.By analyzing the evolutionary relationship of ERF gene family members in maize genome,as well as the gene structure,protein conserved domain,promoter element composition and expression pattern of low temperature induced ZmERFs,we can provide clues for functional characterization of ZmERFs under low temperature stress.
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