Identification and Bioinformatics Analysis of Coconut GPAT Gene Family
Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase(GPAT)is the key rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the initial step of TAG biosynthesis and determines the fatty acid composition of approximately one-third of vegetable oils,directly affecting their nutritional and economic value.Coconut fatty acid accumulation is dominated by me-dium-chain fatty acids,and its coconut oil is widely used and in short supply.The unique fatty acid accumulation pathway in coconuts has become an important research focus.To understand the role of GPA T,a key gene in the fatty acid accumulation pathway,in coconut lipid synthesis,this study used the Arabidopsis GPAT gene family sequences to perform homologous sequence alignment and Pfam structural domain screening in coconut genome,and finally identified 14 coconut CnGPAT gene family sequences(CnGPAT1～CnGPAT14).Their bioinformatics analysis showed that the CnGPAT genes were divided into three subfamilies,containing 1,1 and 12 family members,respectively.Subfamily Ⅰ,CnGPAT6,is localized in the plastid and is abundantly expressed in leaves,predicting its involvement in chloroplast membrane lipid synthesis;subfamily Ⅱ,CnGPAT11,is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and is abundantly expressed in endosperm,predicting its involvement in coconut endosperm TAG synthesis;all members of subfamily Ⅲ are expressed in different tissues,with CnGPAT4 being the most highly expressed in embryonic healing tissue,predicting its involvement in coconut tissue repair.Based on the predicted physicochemical properties and structural domains of the proteins,CnGPAT enzymes are mostly basic hydrophilic proteins,all of which have acyltransferase active structural domains,and some CnGPATs also have phosphatase active structural domains.These results provide a reference for the study of the function of coconut GPA T genes and also provide important candidate genes for the genetic improvement of coconut fatty acids.
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