摘要
苹果是世界重要果树作物之一,其生产易受外界不利环境因素影响,特别是土壤盐碱化严重制约了苹果产业的发展.了解苹果植株生长对盐碱胁迫的响应和防御机制,将为苹果耐盐碱栽培技术的研究、耐盐碱品种的选育奠定理论基础.本研究从苹果植株生长、光合以及叶片显微结构等三个方面阐述了盐碱胁迫对苹果植株生长的影响;重点从离子调节机制、渗透调节机制、保护酶系统和有机酸合成四个方面阐述了苹果植株对盐碱胁迫的生理响应机制;总结了苹果植株响应盐碱胁迫的功能基因、相关转录因子和MicroRNA,并介绍了分子标记在苹果耐盐碱研究中的应用,研究发现苹果响应盐碱胁迫的功能基因主要有渗透调节物质合成基因、编码抗逆蛋白相关基因、离子转运和重建离子平衡相关基因等三大类,响应苹果盐碱胁迫的转录因子主要有WRKY、MYB、NAC、AP2/ERF、bZIP、bHLH以及SPL等,并对存在的问题以及未来的研究重点进行展望,以期为今后的苹果耐盐碱研究及生产应用提供参考.
Abstract
Apple is one of the most important fruit crops in the world,and its production is vulnerable to adverse environmental influences,especially the salt-alkalization of soil,which seriously restricts the development of apple industry.Understanding the response and defense mechanism of apple plant to saline-alkali stress will lay a theo-retical foundation for the research of apple saline-alkali cultivation techniques and the breeding of saline-alkali-re-sistant varieties.This article expounds the salinity-alkalinity stress effects on apple plant growth from three aspects including apple plant growth,photosynthesis and leaf microstructure;the apple plant physiological response to mechanism of salinity-alkalinity stress is expounded from four aspects including ion regulation mechanism,mech-anism of osmotic regulation,protective enzyme system and organic acid synthesis.This paper summarizes the functional genes,related transcription factors and MicroRNAs of apple plants in response to salinity-alkalinity stress,and introduces the application of molecular markers in apple salinity-alkalinity resistant research,and the study finds that the functional genes of apple response to salinity-alkalinity stress mainly include osmotic regulato-ry substance synthesis genes,coding anti-reversal protein-related genes,ion transport and reconstruction;the tran-scription factors in response to apple salinity-alkalinity stress include WRKY,MYB,NAC,AP2/ERF,bHLH and SPL.The existing problems and future research emphasis was pointed out in this paper,so as to provide a refer-ence for further research on saline-alkali tolerance of apple plants.
维普
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