新疆春小麦品种氮效率类型的鉴定

Identification of Nitrogen Efficiency Types of Spring Wheat Varieties in Xinjiang

高新 ¹张跃强 ¹李剑峰 ¹王重 ¹时佳 ¹王春生 ¹张宏芝 ¹王立红 ¹朱泰武 ²汪烨霖 ²樊哲儒¹

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作者信息

1. 新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所,新疆农作物生物技术重点实验室,新疆作物化学调控工程技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐,830091;新疆农业科学院,农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐,830091
2. 新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐,830052
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摘要

为给新疆氮高效春小麦品种筛选和合理施用氮肥提供理论依据,本研究以7个新疆主栽春小麦品种为材料,在田间试验条件下,采用4个氮水平处理(即不施氮N0:0kg/hm2的纯N;低氮LN:100 kg/hm2的纯N;中氮MN:200 kg/hm2的纯N;高氮HN:300 kg/hm2的纯N),用主成分分析法比较了不同施氮水平处理下小麦9项性状指标(株高,穗长,叶面积指数,穗粒数,穗粒重,单位面积穗数,SPAD值,千粒重和产量)的差异,以此为依据划分各品种的氮效率类型.结果表明,不同性状的变异系数呈现出较大的差异,其中,叶面积指数(X3)、穗粒重(X5)、SPAD值(X7)和产量(X9)这4项指标在各性状指标均值方面达到显著水平.X4(穗粒数)、X7(SPAD值)和X9(产量)这3项指标与新疆春小麦氮效率利用显著相关,可作为鉴定新疆春小麦品种氮效率类型的关键指标.依据各品种在不同施氮处理下氮效率利用的差异,可将7个新疆主栽春小麦品种分为氮高效型、低氮高效型、高氮高效型和氮低效型4种氮效率类型.其中,'新春37'为氮高效型;'新春43'和'新春47'为氮低效型;'核春614'和'新春48'为低氮高效型;'核春137'和'核春615'为高氮高效型.本研究对新疆春小麦氮高效品种的选育和推广应用具有一定的参考价值.

Abstract

In order to provide theoretical basis for rational application of nitrogen fertilizer and screen nitrogen efficient spring wheat varieties in Xinjiang,seven main Xinjiang spring wheat cultivars were cultivated under four nitrogen levels in field conditions.The nitrogen levels include pure N(N0:0 kg/hm2),low nitrogen(LN:100 kg/hm2 pure N),medium nitrogen(MN:pure N of 200 kg/hm2)and high nitrogen(HN:300 kg/hm2 pure N).Nine agronomical traits such as plant height,panicle long,leaf area index,kernels per spike,grain weight per spike,spike number per unit area,SPAD value,thousand kernel weight and yield were analyzed by principal component analysis.Accordingly,different nitrogen efficiency types of the seven spring wheat varieties were divided.The results showed that the coefficient of variation between different agronomical traits possessed great differences.Four traits such as leaf area index(X3),panicle grain weight(X5),SPAD value(X7)and yield(X9)showed significant difference in terms of the mean value of each trait.Three traits,namely,X4(number of grains per panicle),X7(SPAD value)and X9(yield)are highly correlated to the nitrogen efficiency of different spring wheat varieties,and thus can be used as the main index to differentiate the nitrogen efficiency of spring wheat varieties in Xinjiang.According to the different P values of nitrogen efficiency under different nitrogen application treatments,the seven spring wheat varieties in Xinjiang can be divided into four nitrogen efficiency types,these are nitrogen high efficiency type,low nitrogen high efficiency type,high nitrogen high efficiency type and nitrogen low efficiency type.'Xinchun37'was nitrogen efficient.'Xinchun43'and'Xinchun47'were nitrogen inefficient.'Hechun614'and'Xinchun48'were low nitrogen and high efficiency types.'Hechun137'and'Hechun615'were high nitrogen and high efficiency types.This study has important theoretical significance for the breeding,popularization and application of nitrogen efficient wheat varieties in Xinjiang.

关键词

春小麦/氮效率综合值/氮效率类型

Key words

Spring wheat/Comprehensive value of nitrogen efficiency/Type of nitrogen efficiency

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基金项目

农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-201906)

新疆农业科学院农业科技创新平台能力提升建设专项(nkypt004)

出版年

2024

分子植物育种

海南省生物工程协会

分子植物育种

CSTPCD北大核心

影响因子：0.765

ISSN：1672-416X

参考文献量20

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