HSP20家族是植物中非常丰富的一类小热休克蛋白(sHSPs)，它们能够与细胞内的各个组分相互作用，从而维持细胞的稳定性。相较于大分子热激蛋白家族(如HSP70和HSP90)，HSP20家族的研究相对较少，尤其是在水稻(Oryza sativa L。)群体基因组中的分析和功能单倍型研究更不多见。本研究对HSP20基因家族在水稻中的序列组成及基因结构进行了系统分析。在籼稻(O。sativa Xian/Indica group)基因组中鉴定到41个HSP20基因，粳稻(O。sativa Geng/Japonica group)基因组中鉴定出33个HSP20基因，其中有27个基因在籼粳基因组中都被鉴定到。这些基因共分为8个亚家族，分布在第1、第2、第3和第10号染色体上。通过MEME(Multiple em for motif elicitation)和基因结构分析，发现除了个别成员存在差异外，大部分家族成员序列都较为保守。利用3 000份水稻泛基因组数据库对HSP20家族进行存在/缺失变异(presence/absence variations，PAV)分析，发现33个HSP20基因中有26个核心基因(在所有水稻亚群中都存在)和7个分散式基因(特异分布于某些亚群)。分散式基因中包含1个粳稻特有基因和2个籼稻特有基因，推测这3个基因可能与籼/粳分化有关。利用水稻功能基因单倍型数据库，结合抽穗期和株高表型对6个在水稻亚群中分布具有特异性的基因进行了单倍型分析。结果显示，这6个基因一共关联到了 20个高频单倍型，其中对株高和抽穗期效应显著的各有6个，对两者均显著的单倍型有2个。此外，外源激素响应分析表明，Os01g0136100和Os02g0782500基因的表达受外源脱落酸显著诱导，在根部中表达上调，而在茎段中表达下调。本研究为后期HSP家族基因的功能分析及其功能单倍型的发掘提供了重要的参考信息。
Population Genomic Difference and Functional Haplotype Analysis of HSP20 Gene Family in Rice
The HSP20 family is a very abundant class of small heat shock proteins(sHSPs)in plants,which can interact with various cellular components to maintain cell stability.Compared to the large molecular heat shock protein families(such as HSP70 and HSP90),the research on the HSP20 family is relatively limited,especially in the analysis and functional haplotype studies in the population genome of rice(Oryza sativa L.).This study systematically analyzed the sequence composition and gene structure of the HSP20 gene family in rice.A total of 41 HSP20 genes were identified in the O.sativa Xian/Indica group genome,and 33 HSP20 genes were identified in the O.sativa Geng/Japonica group genome,with 27 genes identified in both genomes.These genes were divided into 8 subfamilies,distributed on chromosomes 1,2,3,and 10.Through MEME(Multiple em for motif elicitation)and gene structure analysis,it was found that most family member sequences are relatively conserved,with the exception of individual members.The presence/absence variations(PAV)analysis of the HSP20 family in 3 000 rice pan-genome databases revealed 26 core genes(present in all rice subgroups)and 7 dispersed genes(specifically distributed in certain subgroups)among the 33 HSP20 genes.Among the dispersed genes,there were 1 Geng-specific gene and 2 Xian-specific genes,suggesting that these 3 genes may be related to the differentiation between Xian and Geng.Haplo-type analysis of 6 genes with specific distribution in rice subgroups based on heading date and plant height pheno-types showed that these 6 genes were associated with 20 high-frequency haplotypes,including 6 significant effects on plant height and heading date,and 2 significant effects on both.In addition,exogenous hormone response anal-ysis showed that the expression of the Os01g0136100 and Os02g0782500 genes was significantly induced by ex-ogenous abscisic acid,upregulated in the roots,and downregulated in the stem segments.This study provides im-portant reference information for the functional analysis of HSP family genes and the discovery of their functional haplotypes in the future.
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