Astragalus membranaceus is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb,and calycosin(CAL)is an isoflavone compound rich in Astragalus membranaceus known for its memory improvement effects.Previous research has confirmed that swimming combined with pharmacotherapy is more effective in treating Alzheimer's disease(AD).This study aims to explore the synergistic effects of calycosin derived from Astragalus membranaceus and swim-ming training,and its potential in improving cognitive functions in AD rats through the activation of the hippocam-pal BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway.Experimental studies have shown that calycosin combined with swim-ming training significantly enhances the expression levels of BDNF,TrkB,and p-CREB proteins in the hippocam-pus of AD rats,alleviates hippocampal damage and cell apoptosis,reduces the expression of Aβ1-42 and BACE1,and mitigates oxidative stress and inflammation.These results indicate that calycosin and swimming training,by activating the BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway,synergistically improve cognitive functions in AD rats,pro-viding a new approach for non-pharmacological treatment of AD.This study not only reveals the potential thera-peutic value of calycosin derived from Astragalus membranaceus and swimming training but also provides a signif-icant scientific basis for future research on the treatment of related diseases.
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