The leaves of 38 peony varieties were used as materials.SPAD content,leaf water content(RWC),rela-tive conductivity,peroxidase(POD activity),catalase(CAT activity),superoxide dismutase(SOD activity),soluble sugar content(SPC),malondialdehyde content(MDA),proline content(PRO)inleaves were determined under high temperature conditions.The membership function of principal component analysis are used to comprehensively rank the measured indexes,identification and comparison of heat tolerance of 38 peony varieties,in order to provide a basis for studying and screening heat-resistant varieties of peony.The results showed that the physiological indi-cators of different varieties at room temperature and the range of changes after high temperature stress are different and the varieties with high heat tolerance were'Pea Green','Guanshi Moyu','Yingri Hong','Jin Ge',and'Shouan Hong'.By detecting various physiological indicators of leaves under high temperature stress,and using principal compo-nent and membership function analysis,a comprehensive identification and evaluation system for heat tolerance of peony is established,which is suitable for the selection and evaluation of heat tolerance peony variety resources.