Based on the methods of Industrial structure entropy,Thiel index,Dynamic shift-share analysis and Panel data regres-sion,this paper quantitatively analyzes the evolution trend and influencing factors of industrial structure of resource-based cities in Anhui Province from 2000 to 2017.The results show that:the industrial structure of resource-based cities in Anhui Province shows a trend of specialization;the industrial structure of Huaibei,Chizhou,Suzhou,Bozhou,Xuancheng and Chuzhou tends to be rationalized,while that of Tongling,Maanshan and Huainan City deviates from the rationalization.Resource-based cities in Anhui Province have obvious advantages in the primary industry structure but lack of competitiveness;the advantages of the structure of the secondary industry gradually expand,but there are two kinds of differentiation;the tertiary industry structure is in a disadvantageous position but its competitiveness has improved significantly.Labor force structure,social investment and for-eign investment scale promote the optimization of industrial structure of resource-based cities,while government intervention hin-ders the optimization of industrial structure of resource-based cities to a certain extent.