Effect of nano-attapulgite on tribological properties of phenolic composites
One-dimensional attapulgite(AT)nanofibers sourced from high-quality clay mineral resources can reinforce poly-meric composites and improve their anti-friction and wear resistance.Hybrid phenolic resin(PF)composites reinforced with both AT and conventional microfibers,i.e.carbon fiber(CF),glass fiber(GF)and aramid fiber(AF),were prepared via plasticization mixing of PF molding compound and hot press techniques.The effects of AT nanofiber contents on mechanical properties and tribological properties(under multiple working conditions)of micron-scale chopped fibers reinforced PF composites.Microstructures of in-situ growth tribofilms established at friction interface were studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer.Possible synergetic roles and mechanisms of anti-friction and wear-reduction of AT nanofiber and the microfibers under dry friction,oil-lubricated and water-lubricated conditions were explored.The results demonstrate that combination of AT and high-modulus fibers(CF or GF)exhibits a significantly synergistic reinforcing effect on the PF matrix,greatly improving the compression strength of the PF composite.When the mass fraction of AT nanofiber is 20%,the compressive strength of GF/AT/PF and CF/AT/PF can reach 407 MPa and 400 MPa,respectively.Under dry friction condition,the addition of combined AT/CF or AT/AF into the PF matrix promotes tribofilm with solid lubrication characteristics growth on steel counterface.In particular,self-lubricating properties of CF/AT/PF and AF/AT/PF were identified.Under oil-lubricated conditions,GF/AT/PF shows the highest wear resistance among the composites,GF fiber thinning is surmised to be an important wear mechanism of the composite.When being subjected to sliding in water,AF/AT/PF shows the lowest friction coefficient,whilst CF/AT/PF shows the highest wear resistance.
attapulgitefriction and wearfiber reinforcedmultiple working conditiontribofilm
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