In 1952,the Northeast and North China regions,which started the agricultural cooperative movement earlier,took the lead in proposing the"contract system"of fixed pay.With the promotion of the agricultural cooperative movement,the rural areas around the country have developed a joint production payment responsibility system with"costs and bonuses"as the main form,and"bao"had also risen from a local practice to a national institutional arrangement,and had begun to be promoted nationwide.After a brief period of irresponsibility in the people's commune period,various regions not only restored the"costs and bonuses"system,but also created the"all—round contract"in practice in the early 1960s,striving to solve the average principal contradiction among teams that could not be fundamentally broken through the"costs and bonuses"system.As a result,"bao"thus completed the ultimate transformation of the game between farmers and the state.The"bao"that ran through the period of collectivization combined the responsibilities,rights,and interests of members through organizing labor and distribution,and adjusted the"public"and"private"contradictions within the collective organization.It played a crucial"bottom line"role in the sustainability and development of the rural collective system,and its historical logic was worthy reflecting.
关键词
集体化时期/农业生产责任制/包工包产/制度演变
Key words
collective period/agricultural production responsibility system/contract work and production/institution evolution
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