Carbon quantum dots have unique fluorescent properties and are an excellent photoluminescent material.Due to their good biocompatibility,they have been widely used in biomedical imaging.However,carbon quantum dots with anti-tumor activity have been rarely reported.Oridonin(ORI)is an anticancer drug with significant inhibitory effects on many types of tumor cells.In the present study,ORI-CDs with fluorescence and antitumor activity were synthesized by a simple solvent-based one-step hydrothermal method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray single-crystal diffraction as well as Raman spectroscopy.The study of optical properties showed that the ORI-CDs exhibited excellent photoluminescence properties.In addition,we observed the antitumor activity and ex vivo fluorescence imaging properties of ORI-CDs.Our results indicate that ORI-CDs can be used as both bioimaging materials and antitumor drugs,suggesting that they have great potential for future clinical applications.