摘要
放射性核素中的 238U、232Th、226Ra和 40K具有很强的毒性,能够通过食物链、食物网和其他途径传播,对人类健康构成长期辐射危害.这些物质即使经过粉碎、高温、烧结等方式处理后仍表现出较高的放射性.现阶段迫切需要寻找切实可行的方法来解决放射性问题.本综述通过物理法、化学法及生物法对降低环境中放射性核素进行了详细的阐述,并就其原理和主要优劣势作简要介绍和评述,展望未来降低放射性的发展趋势,以期为降低放射性方面相关工作提供有价值参考.
Abstract
238U,232Th,226Ra and 40K in radionuclides are highly toxic and can be transmitted through the food chain,food web and other ways,posing long-term radiation hazards to human health.These substances still show high radio-activity even after grinding,high temperature,sintering and other methods.At present,it is urgent to find a practical method to solve the problem of radioactivity.In this review,the reduction of radionuclides in the envi-ronment is elaborated by physical,chemical and biological methods,and its principle and main advantages and disad-vantages are briefly introduced and reviewed,and the development trend of the future reduction of radioactivity is expected to provide valuable reference for the related work in the reduction of radioactivity.
维普
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