Sebastian Faulks's Birdsong takes World War I as its historical background,spanning over 60 years,and reproduces the history of World War I through the unique textual space settings.It reproduces the cruelty of the battlefield and the difficult living conditions of people during the war.The protagonist Elizabeth's exploration of her ethical identity also reflects the intergenerational transmission of war to the military descendants.From the perspective of Gabriel Zoran's spatial narrative theory and the ethical literary criticism,there is a corresponding relationship between the spatial patterns presented in the novel and the ethical choices of characters."The topographical space"metaphorically presents the confusion and contradiction of the main characters about their own ethical identity;"The chronotopic space"showcases the impact of war and history on the fate of characters in different eras and backgrounds through the exploration of ethical identities by the main characters;"The textual space"explores the role of different spatial narrative strategies in constructing the ethical identity of characters.
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