准确计算户内变电站大型、复杂的噪声场分布,进而评价可采用降噪措施的减噪效果,是解决户内变电站噪声污染的关键问题.为此,综合声学有限元法(finite element method,FEM)求解复杂声场收敛性好及精度高的优点,及声学边界元法(boundary element method,BEM)降维求解大型声场的优势,提出了一种基于声学FEM-BEM的户内变电站噪声场求解算法.首先,建立变电站内部声源声固耦合模型,采用声学 FEM 求解混响噪声作用下的声固耦合响应;然后,基于声学FEM-BEM耦合理论,求解内、外耦合边界处结构单元受声固耦合激励产生的位移及应力载荷;最后,根据声压及应力载荷激发的外场声波扩散模型,基于常规Gauss数值积分法,建立外部空间声域2维BEM声学积分方程,求解外部声场.该算法在湖南某110 kV户内变电站噪声场的求解分析中得到了成功应用,与实测值的相对误差为3.61%～4.87%.
Noise Field Calculation of Indoor Substation Based on Acoustic FEM-BEM
Accurately calculating the large and complex noise field distribution of indoor substations and then evaluating the noise re-duction effect of noise reduction measures are the key problems to solve the noise pollution of indoor substa-tions.To this end,combining the advantages of acoustic finite element method(FEM)for solving complex sound fields with good conver-gence and high precision,and the advantages of acoustic boundary element method(BEM)for dimen-sionality reduction in solving large sound fields,we proposed a noise field solution algorithm for indoor substations based on acoustic FEM-BEM.First,the sound-structure coupling model of the sound source inside the substation was estab-lished,and the acoustic-structure coupling response under the action of reverberation noise was solved by using acoustic FEM.Then,based on the acoustic FEM-BEM coupling theory,the displacement and stress loads generated by the acous-tic-structure coupling excitation of the structural elements at the inner and outer coupling boundaries were solved.Finally,according to the external acoustic wave diffusion model excited by the sound pressure and stress load,and based on the conventional Gauss numerical integration method,a two-dimensional acoustic integral equation of BEM in the external space acoustic domain was established to solve the external sound field.The algorithm has been successfully applied in the solution and analysis of the noise field of a 110 kV indoor substation in Hunan,and the error with the measured value is 3.61%～4.87%.
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