Lightning is the primary cause of power system failures,and it is of important significance to implement the sensing and monitoring of lightning transient voltage and current and to realize data application to ensure safe and stable system operation.With the increasing complexity of modern power systems,sensor components must satisfy the demands for broad-spectrum lightning measurement,while monitoring devices are advancing towards miniaturization,high preci-sion,robust connectivity,and simplified access to energy.This paper reviews current research on lightning transient sensing methodologies,key monitoring technologies,and the statistical utilization of lightning data.Initially,the volt-age/electric field and current/magnetic field sensing techniques are introduced based on diverse principles,and their respective strengths and limitations are analyzed.Subsequently,recent strides on pivotal technologies such as sensor min-iaturization,time synchronization,communication protocols,and power supply methods are examined.The application of monitoring data in identifying and localizing lightning fault is further explored through statistical analysis of transient waveforms.Finally,the findings on lightning transient sensing,monitoring practices,and their application within power systems are summarized,and the prospects in future developmental trends are put forward.
voltage/electric field sensing technology/current/magnetic field sensing technology/miniaturization tech-nology/time synchronization/energy supply and communication/statistical analysis/lightning fault identification and localization
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