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面向电力装备自供电传感的微纳能源收集技术

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数智化电网的建设依赖于海量分布式电力装备状态监测传感器,提升传感器的供电可靠性进而实现自供电感知,对拓展设备状态感知系统的深度和广度具有重要意义.近年来,以纳米发电机为代表的微纳能源收集方法与器件被广泛关注,其能够将多元、分散的机械能、热能、电磁能等转化为电能,搭配微能量存储元件与低功耗微纳传感器实现自供电传感.该文围绕面向电力装备自供电传感的微纳能源收集方法这一主题,首先介绍了电力装备及其运行环境微能量的分布特性;其次,总结了以热电纳米发电机、摩擦纳米发电机、压电纳米发电机、磁场能收集发电机、水伏发电机为代表的微纳能源收集方法原理及特点,分析了其在电力装备场景下的适用性,同时综述了基于微纳能源器件的电力装备微能量收集与自供电传感最新研究进展,并提出了本领域目前发展面临的主要技术难点和潜在解决方案.最后,展望了微纳能源收集方法及器件的发展趋势,有望为电力装备自供电状态监测和数智化发展提供参考与指导.
Micro Energy Harvesting Technologies for Self-powered Sensing of Electrical Equipment
The construction of a digital and intelligent power grid relies on a large number of distributed electrical equipment status-monitoring sensors.Improving the power supply reliability of the sensors and realizing self-powered sensing are of great significance to expanding the depth and breadth of the equipment status sensing system.In recent years,micro-nano energy harvesting methods and devices represented by nanogenerators have attracted widespread atten-tion.They can convert diverse and dispersed mechanical energy,thermal energy,electromagnetic energy,etc.into electrical energy,by combining with micro-energy storage components and low-power micro-nano devices for self-powered sensing.This article focuses on the theme of micro-nano energy harvesting for self-powered electrical equipment status sensing.Firstly,the distribution characteristics of micro-energy in electrical equipment and its operating environment are introduced.Then,the principles and characteristics of micro-nano energy harvesting methods represented by thermoelectric nanogenerators,triboelectric nanogenerators,piezoelectric nanogenerators,magnetic field energy har-vesting generators,and hydrovoltaic generators are summarized,and their applicability in electrical equipment scenarios is analyzed.Furthermore,the latest progress in micro-energy harvesting and self-powered sensing of electrical equipment based on micro-nano energy devices is reviewed,and the main technical difficulties and potential solutions in the field are proposed.Finally,the prospects in development trends of micro-nano energy harvesting methods and devices are put for-ward,which is expected to provide reference and guidance for self-powered status monitoring and digital intelligence development.

self-powered sensingmicro-nano energy devicesnanogeneratorselectrical equipment status sensingmi-cro-energy harvesting

何海龙、李祎、陈赦、杨爱军、肖淞、荣命哲

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电工材料电气绝缘全国重点实验室(西安交通大学),西安 710049

电网环境保护全国重点实验室(武汉大学),武汉 430072

湖南大学电气与信息工程学院,长沙 410082

自供电传感 微纳能源器件 纳米发电机 电力装备状态感知 微能量收集

国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金电工材料电气绝缘全国重点实验室基金电工材料电气绝缘全国重点实验室基金

521771595237714352207169EIPE23305EIPE231132

2024

10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20240674

高电压技术
中国电力科学研究院　中国电机工程学会

高电压技术

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：2.32
ISSN：1003-6520
年,卷(期)：2024.50(8)