Development in Wettability Design and Oil-Water Separation of Porous Materials
Clean water resources are vital to the productive development of human society,and oil spill accidents and industrial oily wastewater discharge make oil-water separation become a subject of concern.Traditional methods such as biological treatment,adsorption,centrifugation,gas flotation and in situ combustion have been used for oil-water separation.While these methods have complicated procedures and high energy consumption,the separation efficiency still needs to be further improved.In order to be widely applied,new strategies that are more environmentally friendly and efficient are urgently needed to overcome the drawbacks of the above traditional methods.Inspiration from nature has always promoted multifunctional surface design and development.Inspired by the Lotus Leaf,the design and development of porous materials based on advanced wettability has become one of the research hotspots,showing great potential in the field of oil-water separation.By controlling the surface structure and chemical state of the porous material,the material can exhibit different separation characteristics to the water phase and the oil phase,and then selectively remove or adsorb the water phase or the oil phase,including extremely stable water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions.In this paper,the preparation methods of porous materials and their recent research and application in the field of oil-water separation are reviewed.Methods and advances in the preparation of advanced separation materials such as porous sponges,porous cotton fabrics,porous wood,porous foams,porous aerogels,and porous ceramics based on hydrophobic or superhydrophobic/superoleophilic strategies are highlighted.The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss the development of functional porous materials and provide useful guidance for the research of porous materials.At last,the paper summarizes some problems in current research,discusses the challenges in this field,and looks forward to its application and development trend.
porous materialoil-water separationwettabilitysuper-hydrophobicsurface modificationself-cleaningsurface chemical statemicro-nano hierarchical structure
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