Research Progress on Phosphate-Based Non-Flammable Electrolytes for Sodium-Ion Batteries
As Na-ion battery(NIB)technology continue to advance,significant improvements in energy density have been achieved.This progress has driven innovation in fields such as portable electronics,energy storage systems,and electric vehicles,while also underscoring the increasing importance of battery safety.In recent years,with the development of energy storage stations and electric vehicles,incidents of fires caused by thermal runaway in batteries have become more frequent,raising widespread societal concerns.The primary cause of thermal runaway is often linked to chemical reactions between electrolyte and electrode materials,especially under harsh operating conditions where flammable electrolytes and electrode materials can undergo exothermic reactions,producing gases that trigger thermal runaway,leading to fires or even explosions.To address this safety hazard,various strategies have been proposed,with non-flammable liquid electrolytes being one of the most promising solutions.Among them,phosphate ester-based non-flammable electrolytes have garnered significant attention in recent years.These electrolytes exhibit high thermal stability,a wide electrochemical window,and low vapor pressure,contributing to enhanced safety under high-temperature conditions and minimal negative impact on battery cycling performance,with some cases showing improvements in overall battery performance.In this review,we delve into the current state of phosphate ester-based non-flammable electrolytes in NIBs,emphasizing their advantages in enhancing battery safety.Through a detailed analysis of the physicochemical properties,electrochemical performance,and compatibility with electrode materials,we summarize their role in NIBs.Additionally,we discuss strategies for optimizing electrolyte composition,improving electrolyte-electrode material interfacial compatibility,and enhancing thermal stability,all of which can further improve the performance of phosphate ester non-flammable electrolytes in NIBs.We conclude that careful regulation and design of phosphate ester electrolytes hold great potential to reduce the risk of thermal runaway in NIBs,thereby significantly enhancing the safety of batteries and providing valuable insights for the development of high-safety NIBs.
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