Progress of Non-Precious Metal Electrocatalysts with Defects for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
The oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)plays a crucial role in modern energy conversion and advanced synthesis technologies.For fuel cells and metal-air batteries,ORR plays an indispensable role in enhancing energy efficiency and stability.Additionally,ORR also plays an irreplaceable role in the green synthesis of hydrogen peroxide.However,the slow kinetics of ORR limit the development of these technologies,making it particularly urgent to find suitable catalysts to regulate and accelerate the progress of this reaction.Among various catalysts,precious metal catalysts exhibit good ORR performance due to their advantages such as good conductivity,high electrochemical activity,and excellent stability.However,these catalysts are limited in their feasibility for large-scale applications due to their high price and low earth reserves.Therefore,exploring and developing non-precious metal-based ORR catalysts,especially through defect engineering strategies to regulate and optimize the performance of non-precious metal catalysts,is crucial.Based on an in-depth explanation of the ORR mechanism,this article reviews the latest progress in the study of ORR using defective non-precious metal catalysts.It discusses the effects of intrinsic defects such as edge defects,vacancies,topological defects,and heteroatom doping on catalytic activity.At the same time,it outlines the key roles played by these defects in promoting specific electron transfer pathways in ORR.Additionally,it reviews the potential applications of defects in single-atom catalysts,di-atom catalysts,and metal oxides in ORR.Finally,this article looks forward to the future research directions of ORR catalysts.Due to their unique structure and composition,defective non-precious metal materials show broad application prospects in catalyzing ORR.
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维普
