New trends in U.S. lunar exploration and development
To better comprehend the current state of U.S.lunar exploration and development,new trends in the U.S.Artemis Lunar Exploration Program,as well as in military and commercial lunar exploration activities,are explored.In particular,the Artemis Program's progress and characteristics in terms of its overall methodology,technical indicators,commercial spaceflight,and partnership agreements are analyzed;the U.S.military's lunar exploration trends are investigated from the aspects of the cislunar space layout and technological advances in areas such as situational awareness,positioning navigation,manoeuvring propulsion,and in-situ resource utilisation.In recent years,the United States has declared its intention to return to the moon to implement multiple lunar exploration and development activities and promote a new wave of lunar exploration.Consequently,this work reveals that current U.S.lunar exploration activities are characterised by a focus on shaping international norms and driving commercial aerospace development,advanced technology development,and cutting-edge military applications.
United Stateslunar explorationArtemis ProgramSpace Force