摘要
利用医用放疗射线诱导的化学键可控解离,从而释放或激活生物活性化合物,可以用于放疗诱导的靶向化疗.这种方法利用了辐射射线的精确性和化疗药物的强效细胞毒性,实现对药物的激活或释放在空间和时间上的可控,在临床应用上具有广阔的前景.本文综述了近年来研究者们报道的电离辐射诱导药物释放或激活的最新策略,包括传统的高分子囊泡和胶束响应、新型二硒键、含碲响应性高分子以及羟基自由基和水合电子响应有机小分子化合物等,分别阐述了不同策略的优势和缺点如作用机制不清楚、辐照响应灵敏度依然较低等,并对电离辐射诱导药物释放策略的研究前景进行了展望,为肿瘤治疗提供了创新策略.
Abstract
Ionizing radiation has a higher tissue penetration depth than ultraviolet,visible and near-infrared light.It can directly reach tissues and organs inside the human body,making it ideal for clinical applications and as a stimulus to induce drug release or activation for diseased sites in deep tissues.Clinical radiotherapy radiation can potentially cause controlled dissociation of chemical bonds,resulting in the release or activation of biologically active compounds.By exploiting the precision of radiation and the potency of chemotherapeutic agents,this approach allows for spatial and temporal control of drug activation or release,thereby greatly reducing systemic cytotoxicity and potential side effects of the drugs.This review summarizes the recent research progress on ionizing radiation triggered drug release or activation.Herein,we highlight innovative strategies,including conventional polymers vesicles and micelles,novel diselenide or tellurium-containing polymers for drug release,and drug activation using organic small molecules that are responsive to the primary radiolysis species such as hydroxyl radical and hydrated electrons.The pros and cons of different strategies,such as clear mechanism of action,low sensitivity of irradiation response,etc.,have been described.In addition,future research directions for ionizing radiation-induced drug release strategies are discussed,providing innovative strategies for tumor therapy.
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