Ionizing Radiation Triggered Drug Release or Activation
Ionizing radiation has a higher tissue penetration depth than ultraviolet,visible and near-infrared light.It can directly reach tissues and organs inside the human body,making it ideal for clinical applications and as a stimulus to induce drug release or activation for diseased sites in deep tissues.Clinical radiotherapy radiation can potentially cause controlled dissociation of chemical bonds,resulting in the release or activation of biologically active compounds.By exploiting the precision of radiation and the potency of chemotherapeutic agents,this approach allows for spatial and temporal control of drug activation or release,thereby greatly reducing systemic cytotoxicity and potential side effects of the drugs.This review summarizes the recent research progress on ionizing radiation triggered drug release or activation.Herein,we highlight innovative strategies,including conventional polymers vesicles and micelles,novel diselenide or tellurium-containing polymers for drug release,and drug activation using organic small molecules that are responsive to the primary radiolysis species such as hydroxyl radical and hydrated electrons.The pros and cons of different strategies,such as clear mechanism of action,low sensitivity of irradiation response,etc.,have been described.In addition,future research directions for ionizing radiation-induced drug release strategies are discussed,providing innovative strategies for tumor therapy.
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