Rheological Behavior of Biomimetic Composite Hydrogels with Anisotropic Structures
Biomimetic construction of extracellular microenvironment with dynamic viscoelastic behavior is an important strategy for the design of extracellular matrix(ECM)in tissue engineering.In this study,a poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)/cellulose nanofiber(CNF)composite hydrogel with anisotropic structure was constructed through the cooperative strategy of directional freezing(DF)and confined drying and re-swelling(CDR).The prepared composite hydrogel showed the oriented fiber arrangement structure parallel to the directional freezing direction.Rheological experiments showed that PVA/CNF composite hydrogel had anisotropic dynamic modulus(G'//=(76.77±1.61)kPa and G'⊥=(42.93±1.34)kPa;G"//=(5.44±0.26)kPa and G"⊥=(3.71±0.13)kPa).The energy storage modulus(G')and loss modulus(G")improved with the increase of PVA content in the low frequency and low strain regions,and showed a tendency of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of CNF content.The results of stress relaxation experiments indicated that the composite hydrogel had viscoelastic properties.Therefore,the viscoelastic properties and rules of the composite hydrogel with anisotropic structures summarized in this study have potential applications in guiding the design of tissue-engineered biomimetic ECM and its effect on cell biological behavior.
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