Research Progress on Photoluminescence of Maleic Anhydride/Maleimide Copolymers and Derivatives
Maleic anhydride/maleimide copolymers and their derivatives have realized industrial production and application with the advantages of easy functionalization,low cost,tunability and biocompatibility,long before their fluorescence properties were discovered.In recent years,the self-stable precipitation polymerization method of maleic anhydride/maleimide copolymer were developed to realize the polymerization and separation of olefin raw materials in the petrochemical industry.The resulting copolymer microspheres also have important industrial value,and can be used in many fields such as light diffusion,wood bonding,and light transfer.As a new typical class of non-conjugated photoluminescence polymers,maleic anhydride/maleimide copolymers and their derivatives could exhibit the following advantages:(1)The electron-deficient maleic anhydride and maleimide monomers could easily form copolymers with electron rich monomers such as styrene,α-methyl styrene,stilbene,vinyl acetate,etc.,to achieve special photoluminescence caused by spatial conjugation.Such polymers showed strong molecular designability and variable structures;(2)Based on the reactivity of maleic anhydride/maleimide units,such copolymers can achieve functional group grafting,ionic modification,amidation/imide transformation,removal reaction,etc.Therefore,the study of the photoluminescence properties of maleic anhydride/maleimide copolymers is also convenient to provide a systematic basis for the photoluminescence mechanism of non-conjugated polymers.Besides,their fluorescence properties of these copolymers could be adjusted according to practical applications.However,the photoluminescence properties,mechanism and related applications of maleic anhydride/maleimide copolymers and their derivatives are still lacking.Based on the fluorescence molecular modification,polymerization regulation,acid-base modification and heat treatment of maleic anhydride/maleimide copolymers and their derivatives,combined with their preparation methods,structural characteristics and fluorescence mechanism,the latest research progress of this kind of non-conjugated polymers in the field of photoluminescence is briefly reviewed in this paper.Maleic anhydride/maleimide copolymers and their derivatives exhibit high industrial potential in kinds of applications such as light-emitting diode(LED),chemical sensing,drug delivery,cell imaging,ink-free anti-counterfeiting printing.
Non-conjugated polymersPhotoluminescenceMaleic anhydride/maleimide copolymers and derivativesSpace conjugationCluster luminescence