摘要
低泡型非离子双子(Gemini)表面活性剂在工业清洗、光刻胶显影等领域有着广泛的应用.以二叔戊基氢醌为母体在碱催化的条件下与环氧乙烷通过开环反应合成了 3种(P1、P2和P3)不同聚氧乙烯链长度的非离子Gemini表面活性剂,通过表面张力仪、接触角测量仪等研究了不同聚氧乙烯链长度对表面张力、润湿性能、乳化性能、泡沫性能的影响.在相同浓度下,随着聚氧乙烯链长度的增加,表面张力和接触角增加,乳化能力逐渐增强,发泡体积逐渐增加.此外,3种非离子Gemini表面活性剂均具有优异的低泡性能,表面活性剂P1发泡量低于传统表面活性剂Tween-80的1％,在工业清洗、光刻胶显影等领域中具有巨大的应用潜力.
Abstract
Low-foaming nonionic Gemini surfactants are widely used in industrial cleaning and photoresist development.In this study,three low-foaming nonionic Gemini surfactants are synthesized by using 2,5-di-tert-pentylbenzene-1,4-diol and ethylene oxide as raw materials via ring-opening reaction under alkali-catalyzed conditions.The surfactants,named P1,P2,and P3,have different polyoxyethylene chain lengths of 6,7,and 8,respectively.The surface tension,critical micelle concentration(CMC),wettability,emulsifying,and foaming properties of the three Gemini nonionic surfactants are carefully investigated.The surface tension of P1,P2,and P3 decreases with increasing concentration and remains unchanged when CMC is reached.While at the same concentration,the surface tension increases with the increase of polyoxymethylene chain length due to increased hydrophilicity.The CMC of P1,P2,and P3 are 1.225 mmol/L,1.016 mmol/L,and 0.700 mmol/L,respectively,decreasing with the increment of polyoxymethylene chain length.The contact angle of P1,P2,and P3 decreases with increasing concentration and remains unchanged when the concentration is higher than CMC.The contact angle increases with the increase of polyoxymethylene chain length at the same concentration.The emulsion stability of P1,P2,and P3 increases with increasing concentration and it increases with the increasement of the polyoxyethylene chain length at the same time.The initial foaming volume of P1,P2,and P3 increases with increasing concentration and the chain length of polyoxymethylene at the same concentration.In particular,P1 has the lowest initial foaming volume,which is 1％of the conventional nonionic surfactant Tween-80,exhibiting excellent low-foaming properties.P2 and P3 also show good low-foaming ability,with less than 20％of the foaming ability of conventional surfactant Tween-80.Overall,the three Gemini surfactants offer excellent low-foaming properties while reducing surface tension,making them well-suited for real-world applications such as industrial cleaning and developer fluids.
基金项目
国家自然科学基金(22005021)
国家自然科学基金(51373025)
北京市自然科学基金(2242044)
高校新世纪优秀人才计划项目(NCET-11-0582)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据