Trends of extreme weather and climate events in China in recent 60 years and their characteristics in 2023
In order to find out the change rules of extreme climatic events in China and its different regions,the extreme weather and climate events(short for"extreme events")such as extreme high temperature,extreme low temperature,extreme precipitation,extreme drought and extreme typhoon were analyzed by using the daily observation data of 2 254 meteorological observation stations in China(except Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan)over the past 60 years and in 2023.The results show that since 1961,the overall trend of ex-treme events in China has been decreasing,and the trend of decreasing from 1970 to the early 1990s was obvious,and the trend of in-creasing since the late 1990s was obvious.The extreme high temperature events showed a significant increasing trend,which was more obvious after entering the 21st century.Extreme low temperature events showed a decreasing trend.Extreme precipitation events showed an increasing trend in general.The extreme drought events showed a decreasing trend with obvious stage characteristics.In re-cent 60 years,the extreme wind speed and precipitation events affected by typhoons showed a decreasing trend,which was mainly caused by the decrease of extreme typhoon wind speed events,while the extreme typhoon precipitation events showed a slow increasing trend.The extreme events occurred frequently in 2023,with an average occurrence of 139 times per station,which was 28.3%more than the annual average from 1991 to 2020.Extreme high temperature events were 79 times per station,which was the most since 1961 and 76.8%more than normal average.Extreme low temperature events were 20 times per station,which was 23.8%less than normal av-erage.Extreme precipitation events were 14 times per station,and extreme drought events were 26 times per station,both were close to the annual average values.Extreme typhoon events occurred 0.41 times on average in China,which was slightly more than normal aver-age,and it was mainly dominated by extreme typhoon precipitation events.In 2023,extreme events mainly occurred in Southwest China,western areas of the south of the Yangtze River,western South China,central and northern Northwest China,western Inner Mon-golia,and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and other places.Especially in eastern Sichuan,southern Guizhou,western Gansu,western Inner Mon-golia,the extreme events were more than 200 times per station.Through the analysis of different types of extreme events in 2023,it was found that the increase of extreme events was mainly caused by more extreme high temperature and extreme drought events.According to the analysis of multiple extreme events composite risk index(MXCI),high risk areas were mainly located in the southern region of the mainland of China,especially in the southeast coastal region.In the past 60 years,the increase of MXCI was mainly located in the transition zone from Southwest China to south Northeast China.High risk areas in 2023 mainly appeared in the Southwest China and the central and northern parts of Northwest China.Through the study of the change rules of extreme events in different regions of China,it was helpful to improve the ability of disaster prevention and reduction and effectively cope with the risk of climate change.
the recent 60 years2023Chinaregionsextreme weather and climate events
万方数据
