首页|新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区狼在夏季和秋季的食性

新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区狼在夏季和秋季的食性

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2012年6-11月,在新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区(卡山保护区)采用痕迹截线等方法,共收集狼粪便278份,采用粪便分析法研究了狼的夏秋季食性.结果表明:夏季和秋季,该区域的主要有蹄类蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚在狼食谱中的相对频率仅为1.94%和3.10%,而野放普氏野马相对频率达到了1.42%.2010年春季的严重雪灾,导致野生有蹄类种群数量锐减,这是狼捕食较少蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚的主要原因,同时也说明狼已经对普氏野马在卡山保护区的野化进程中起到了一定的作用.狼的主要食物为植物、沙鼠和昆虫,其相对频率分别为30.19%,19.35%和13.55%,且夏秋季的食物组成差异不显著(Pearson x2检验,P=0.192,>0.05;似然比x2检验,P=0.131,>0.05),狼的食物生态位宽度比较窄(Bata=0.28).狼的食性研究有助于明晰狼与有蹄类,特别是放归普氏野马之间的关系,为普氏野马野放保护管理和监测提供了基础数据,为保护区内狼的数量调控提供本底资料.
Food Habits of Wolves (Canis lupus) during Summer and Autumn in the Mt.Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Xinjiang
Animal feeding analysis can explore the animal habitat requirements,provide basic datafor the animals 'habitat evaluation,environmental capacity evaluation,interspecies relation and energy metabolism,etc research,provide theoretical foundation for the protection and management of wildlife.From June to November in 2012,we collected 278 scats from the Mt.Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve (MKUNR) through Hint-based method,the linear intercept method,and so on,Xinjiang,China.Fecal analysis method was used to study the food composition of wolves during summer and autumn.The results revealed that,Equus hemionus and Gazella subgutturosa,as the region's major species of wild ungulates,had a low relative frequency of 1.94% and 3.10% in wolves food types.The reason of wolves preying little Equus hemionus and Gazella subgutturosa is due to ungulates populations re duced in the snow disaster in the spring of 2010 greatly.The relative frequency of Equus Przewalski preyed by wolves reached as high as 1.42%,and it shows that wolves have affected Equus Przewalski reintroducing to field as well.Plants,Gerbillidae and insects were the major food resources of wolves,accounting for 30.19%,19.35% and 13.55% respectively.There is no significant difference in wolves food types between summer and autumn (Pearson's x2 test,P =0.192,> 0.05;Likelihood Ratio x2 test,P =0.131,> 0.05).Wolf food niche breadth was narrow(Bsta =0.28).The research of wolves food habits helps to make clear the relationship between wolves and the wild ungulates especially Equus Przewalski reintroducing to field,to provide basic data of Equus Przewalski's protection management and monitoring.Meanwhile,it also can show the harm of wolves to livestock,so as to provide basic data to control the number of wolves in the reserve.

Canis lupusfeeding habitsrelative frequencyniche breadthMt.Kalamaili Ungulate Nature ReserveXinjiang

董潭成、初红军、刘冬志、马建伟、张钧泳、葛炎、布兰

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新疆农业大学动物科学学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052

新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区阿勒泰管理站,新疆阿勒泰 836500

新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046

狼(Canis lupus) 食性 相对频率 生态位宽度 卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区 新疆

新疆自治区科技支撑计划项目卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区阿勒泰管理站中央财政森林生态效益补偿基金科技基础性工作专项重大项目

2012331312013FY110300

2015

干旱区研究
中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 中国土壤学会

干旱区研究

CSTPCDCSCD北大核心
影响因子:1.157
ISSN:1001-4675
年,卷(期):2015.32(3)
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