Calligonum mongolicum is our country's most widely distributed plants,and has extensive application value,so it's extremely important to survey and research the specific distribution.The detailed distribution and botanical data form the indispensable scientific basis for exploration and conservation of germplasm resources,such as herbarium of institute of botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,herbarium of Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,animal and plant herbarium of Xinjiang Agricultural University,Lanzhou University herbaria,herbarium of Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University and so on.After carrying out the investigations in the field from 2012 to 2013,and checking the Floras of country and region,and the specimens preserved in herbaria,the detailed geographic distribution data (including the distribution map) and botanical data of C.mongolicum are provided here for a comprehensive understanding C.mongolicum,further research and development of C.mongolicum genetic resources.This is the first report of the detailed distribution of C.mongolicum.The research results suggest that,① C.mongolicum eastern most can reach the Erenhot of Xilingol league in Inner Mongolia (112.4°E),western most can reach someplace on the way from Kuitun to Jinghe (83.7°E)in Xinjiang,the biggest difference of the east and west longitude is 28.7°,and C.mongolicum northern most can reach the Balibagai of Altai(47.5° N),southern most can reach the Nuomuhong of Qinghai Province (36.2° N),the biggest difference of the north and south latitude is 28.7°.② There are large differences between the distributions of C.mongolicum,getting from voucher specimens and the flora records.The reasons may be that expansion of the C.mongolicum or new discovery of the C.mongolicum distribution,and possible errors of specimen identification,confused with similar specie-C.roborowskii.