A Study on the Phonological System and Its Characteristics of the Late Ming Dynasty Zhangzhou Dialect in Southern Fujian—A Case Study Based on the Newly Discovered Spanish Missionary Manuscript Arte de la lengua Chi? Chiu(1620)
In recent years,we have discovered a manuscript of Arte de la lengua Chiõ Chiu written by a Spanish missionary about the Late Ming Dynasty's Zhangzhou dialect.This paper first inducts the phonological system of the manuscript,summarizing 17 initial consonants,60 finals,and 7 tones,and constructing its phonetics.Secondly,the phonological system is historically compared with two Qing Dynasty western literatures,A Dictionary of the Hok-keen Dialect of the Chinese Language and Vocabulary of the Hok-kien Dialect.Through comparison,the manuscript has one less initial consonant'gn[ŋ]',but the tonal system is consistent with the other two.It only has 60 vowels,which is 26 less than A Dictionary of the Hok-keen Dialect of the Chinese Language,and 10 less than Vocabulary of the Hok-kien Dialect,due to the least volume in the three types of literature.Through textual research,A Dictionary of the Hok-keen Dialect of the Chinese Language reflects the phonological system of Zhangpu County in Zhangzhou Prefecture,while Vocabulary of the Hok-kien Dialect mirrors that of Longxi County.Lastly,after being compared diachronically with 10 main dialect points in modern Zhangzhou,it appears that the phonological system of the manuscript should be a comprehensive blend that combines dialect points from the end of the Ming Dynasty,including Haicheng,Longxi,and Zhangpu in Zhangzhou prefecture.
Arte de la lengua Chiõ ChiuZhangzhou dialectthe phonological system of initialsfinalstonesphonologic
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