A Survey of the Evolution of International Relations Theory in Ancient China:From the Cultural Tianxia Doctrine to Cultural Internationalism
In ancient China,the Tianxia doctrine was generally defined by culture,which interplayed with China's international relations theory at that time.The cultural Tianxia doctrine derived from the Confucian primary conception of the World of Great Harmony as well as the nostalgia of the tradition of the rule of propriety by Zhou Dynasty in the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Periods.Characterized by the unity of ideality,practicability and historicity,the cultural Tianxia doctrine had inevitably varied with changes of relationships between China and the world,diplomatic practice and diplomatic systems.Basically,the cultural Tianxia doctrine had gone through four periods,namely,the systematization period(Qin and Han Dynasties),golden period(Sui and Tang Dynasties),transformation period(Song and Ming Dynasties)and closing period(from Qing Dynasty to the modern time).Since the Song Dynasty,particularly after the late Qing Dynasty,the cultural Tianxia doctrine had passed its zenith and been on the wane,its ideality gradually turning to practicability.The cultural Tianxia doctrine had increasingly attached more importance to the notion of nation state,sense of sovereign equality as well as international mindset,thus transforming itself to cultural nationalism and cultural openness.The author prefers cultural internationalism rather than New Cosmopolitanism as well as New Tianxia Doctrine.Cultural internationalism stresses confidence in culture,arguing for cultural openness and cultural cooperation between countries.In China,cultural internationalism is also one of important results of the Chinese traditional culture activated by Marxist internationalism.In the new era,the new Tianxia doctrine is not proper to serve directly as the cultural basis for the construction of a global community with a shared future,however,its reasonable core concepts,such as harmony,peace,and inclusiveness,can be learned from,while its backward concepts should be forsaken.In the process of building a global community with a shared future,Chinese scholar should promote interactions and exchanges between Chinese and foreign cultures,and strive to implement the Global Civilization Initiative.
International Relations TheoryChinese Traditional CultureXi Jinping Thought on DiplomacyChinese SchoolA Global Community with a Shared Future
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
