国家航海2024，Issue(2) ：24-51.

前近代日本对异域与他者的认知——以江户时期"万国人物图"为中心

Perceptions of Others and the Outside World in Premodern Japan:Focusing on"万国人物图"during the Edo Period

田中和子 张端成
国家航海2024，Issue(2) ：24-51.
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前近代日本对异域与他者的认知——以江户时期"万国人物图"为中心

Perceptions of Others and the Outside World in Premodern Japan:Focusing on"万国人物图"during the Edo Period

田中和子 1张端成2
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作者信息

  • 1. 日本京都大学文学研究科
  • 2. 复旦大学文史研究院
  • 折叠

摘要

在前近代时期锁国体制下的日本,"万国人物图"是时人对于外国人和事物好奇心的集中体现."万国人物图"采取了独特的形式,将关于风俗和地理的文字描述与人物插图相结合.它们自产生之日起就大受欢迎,以至于从江户时代早期开始,陆续出现册页、手卷与单页印本等多种样式.然而,目前尚无研究对"万国人物图"进行过综合性分析.因此,本文将这些作品分为八种类型,并进行梳理与比较.细考八组图像,我们可以得出以下结论:在传统日本社会,人们通常对他者怀有强烈好奇,无论是通过现实、想象抑或是传说.尽管他们的好奇在某种情况下夹杂着恐惧,但并不一定会转变为歧视或偏见.然而,16与19世纪与西方人的两次相遇改变了日本人对于异域、他者的看法,也形塑了他们在全球背景下对于自身的定位.在整个江户时期,日本人都对于世界新知充满渴望,对于视觉图像也有偏好.本文的结论有望为全球史视角下日本人的自身—他者认知、跨文化表达以及世界观等方面的研究提供新方法.

Abstract

"Bankoku Jinbutsu zu"万国人物图(Illustration of the people of many nations)presents the Japanese people's interest in the outside world and others in premodern Japan during the national isolation system."万国人物图",the unique artworks combining geographical descriptions with illustrations of people,were so popular that varied forms of this material,including booklets,scrolls,and printed paper leaves,were produced starting in the early Edo period.However,no study has comprehensively analyzed"万国人物图".Therefore,this paper classifies these works into eight groups,and comparatively reviews them.A detailed observation of these eight groups clarified the following points.Traditionally,Japanese people had an intense curiosity about others,including the real,the imaginary,and the legendary.Although their curiosity was sometimes mixed with fear,it did not necessarily turn into discrimination or prejudice.However,the 16th-and 19th-century encounters with Westerners forced Japanese people to alter their perceptions of the outside world and others as well as their positioning of the self and others in the global context.Japanese people's desire for newer information about the world and preference for visual images were distinctive characteristics that held throughout the Edo period.The findings presented in this paper are expected to provide insights for further comparative studies on Japanese perceptions and presentations of the self and others and on the world from global and historical perspectives.

关键词

"万国人物图"/自身—他者认知/世界观/视觉图像/前近代日本

Key words

"万国人物图"/Perception of the Self and Others/Worldview/Visual Image/Premodern Japan

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出版年

2024
国家航海
上海中国航海博物馆

国家航海

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