异域焦虑:荷兰共和国对中国物质文化的矛盾反应
Unease with the Exotic:Ambiguous Responses to Chinese Material Culture in the Dutch Republic
文诗景 1黄佳琪2
作者信息
- 1. 荷兰乌特勒支大学艺术史系
- 2. 复旦大学文史研究院
- 折叠
摘要
荷兰在17世纪海外贸易繁荣时期进口了大量中国商品.很多图文资料表明,荷兰人以其商业成就为傲,并将中国物质文化融入他们的日常生活、文学艺术和政治外交之中.然而,外来器物的涌入也引发了荷兰人的文化焦虑.在罗马衰落的教训和新教教义的规训下,荷兰艺术家、神学家、法学家和经济学家从宗教、道德、性别等多个角度,表达了对全球贸易的质疑.17世纪后半叶,荷兰的文化焦虑更加强烈,甚至将中国的物质文化与斯宾诺莎等人的激进主义思想联系在了一起,因为越来越多的中国舶来品使荷兰人产生了可能再度沦为异教徒的恐惧.这些针对全球贸易和中国器物的赞美和批判表明,中国的物质文化已经成为荷兰共和国日常生活和知识争论的重要组成部分:荷兰正在开始变得亚洲化.
Abstract
Most of the visual and written reactions to the Dutch'maritime efforts glorified the success of their young state on the world stage.The converse,however,was also the case:some texts and images expressed sentiments of cultural anxiety about the foreign influx.How were luxuries from the non-Western world received in ideological terms?Focusing on Chinese wares in particular,we will first discuss the celebratory accounts before moving on to the reservations held by others.Unfettered trade,displacing so many objects across continents,seemed to some to run against claims that the global division of commodities had been ordained by the Divinity.As will become clear,sentiments of cultural anxiety were formulated throughout the seventeenth century and,if anything,intensified with the increasingly regular consumption of foreign wares in the early eighteenth century.Ultimately,as we shall see,even the drinking of tea would become associated with the dangerous philosophical radicalism of Baruch Spinoza and his followers.
关键词
物质文化/文化焦虑/全球贸易/奢侈品/斯宾诺莎Key words
Material Culture/Cultural Anxiety/Global Trade/Luxury/Benedictus de Spinoza引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据